Volume 73

This paper investigates the systemic stigmatization of female performers in 19th-century Qing China and Hungary through a cross-cultural comparative framework. In both societies, women engaged in theatrical professions—though vital to artistic innovation—faced institutionalized marginalization. In 19th-century China, female opera performers faced explicit prohibition from public stage performances under Qing state decrees. They endured dual marginalization through institutional and social mechanisms: legally categorized as "degraded status groups" within the household registration system, their status was formally degraded below that of ordinary women. Simultaneously, pervasive social stigmatization conflated them with prostitutes in public discourse, regardless of actual professional distinctions. Concurrently in Hungary, actresses and ballet dancers, and other low-status theatre workers were publicly equated with courtesans or even sex workers; their professional dedication was obscured by societal fixation on their perceived moral transgressions. These parallel patterns demonstrate how patriarchal power structures exploited gendered stereotypes to suppress women’s vocational agency. By conflating artistic labor with sexual misconduct, authorities in 19th-century Qing China and Hungary reinforced rigid gender hierarchies that confined women primarily to domestic spheres as wives and mothers, effectively excluding them from public creative expression.

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This study carries out a systematic analysis on the process of evolution of geopolitical rivalry and diplomatic strategies between China and Australia during the 3rd stage of economic globalization. The study finds that China-Australia relations have evolved into a complex landscape characterised by a transition from economic complementarity to a coexistence of strategic competition and cooperation. Australia's relations with China are shaped by three main aspects: multilevel strategic concerns about China's rise, structural constraints due to the Australia-US alliance; and home-grown political forces shaping its relations with China. From the research, it is observed that new changes in economic globalization 3.0 like reorganization of global value chain, and growth of digital economy are having an immense impact on the interaction pattern between China and Australia. This article proposed policy suggestions on how to advance healthy Sino- Australian relations from three parts,which are strategic communication between China and Australia, Economic and Trade cooperation, People-to-People relationships. Also put forward some future research areas, like digital economy cooperation and economic and trade cooperation under RCEP framework etc. According to this study, it seems that if China and Australia can properly deal with their differences and innovate how they cooperate, they will be able to establish a more stable and mature bilateral relationship.

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In high-pressure learning contexts, second language (L2) learners often struggle with the interplay between anxiety and cognitive overload, significantly impairing their language acquisition efficiency. However, most existing intelligent education systems fail to dynamically detect and regulate learners’ psychological states throughout the learning process. To address this gap, this study proposes an adaptive intervention model that integrates multimodal emotion recognition with reinforcement learning-based strategy optimization. By capturing learners’ facial expressions, vocal prosody, and physiological signals at key task stages, the system enables real-time emotional state recognition and generates personalized intervention strategies based on emotional feedback. Sixty university-level English learners were recruited for an 8-week randomized controlled trial. While the control group followed a conventional instructional approach, the experimental group was supported by the emotion-sensing intervention system. The study employed standardized language tests and system performance metrics to assess the effectiveness of the intervention, supplemented by learning logs and interviews to collect subjective user feedback. Results show that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of emotion recognition accuracy, intervention response latency, and language performance improvement. Learners also reported high acceptance and positive evaluations of the system. This research validates the feasibility of multimodal affective sensing in mitigating learning stress and provides both technical and empirical foundations for emotion-adaptive intelligent education systems, thereby expanding the application boundary of affective computing in intelligent instruction.

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Reduplication, as one of the morphological construction methods in Modern Chinese, serves as a crucial grammatical device. The Yongdeng dialect, part of the Lanzhou sub-group of the Central Plains Mandarin (Lanyin Mandarin), exhibits a rich array of reduplicated adjective forms. This paper investigates the reduplication of adjectives in the Yongdeng dialect from three perspectives: structural patterns, grammatical meanings, and pragmatic functions. Based on whether the reduplication is complete or partial, six main types are identified and discussed: “AA,” “AABB,” “ABAB,” “ABB,” “AACD,” and “ABCC.” The study analyzes their grammatical roles in expressing degree and state, and explores how these reduplicated forms enhance vividness and imagery in pragmatic usage.

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The development of metaverse technologies offers a new paradigm for the value reconstruction of rural cultural tourism industries. Focusing on the Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan as a case study, this paper, grounded in digital narrative theory and industrial value chain theory, constructs a three-layered artistic narrative framework—“symbolic translation – interactive immersion – philosophical resonance.” This framework systematically explains how rural cultural resources can be artistically reinterpreted within metaverse spaces to facilitate the transformation from cultural value to economic value. Through policy text analysis, cross-case comparison, and theoretical deduction, the study reveals the internal mechanisms by which artistic narratives drive innovation in cultural tourism products, promote industrial synergy, and restructure benefit distribution systems. Furthermore, it proposes a “lightweight technology + localized narrative” management strategy tailored to rural contexts, offering both a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the digital transformation of rural cultural tourism.

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