Using HRDD Laws to Address Human Rights Issues among Macau Bus Drivers At Work

Zihan Zhong

doi:10.54254/2753-7048/2025.LD25480

Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public MediaOpen access

Using HRDD Laws to Address Human Rights Issues among Macau Bus Drivers At Work

Research Article

Open Access

Using HRDD Laws to Address Human Rights Issues among Macau Bus Drivers At Work

Zihan Zhong ^1*

¹ Macau University of Science and Technology

^*Corresponding author: 1210016022@student.must.edu.mo

Published on 24 July 2025

LNEP Vol.107

ISSN (Print): 2753-7056

ISSN (Online): 2753-7048

ISBN (Print): 978-1-80590-273-7

ISBN (Online): 978-1-80590-274-4

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Abstract

Although Macau has laws such as the Labor Relations Law and the Domestic Violence Prevention and Control Law to protect people’s basic rights and interests, it lacks a more professional Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) Law. Macau bus drivers, who play an important role in Macau's tourism industry, suffer from emotional exhaustion due to long working hours, a single salary structure and management's tendency to take punitive measures. This research examines the application of Macau's HRDD legislation, specifically analyzing its role in detecting, addressing, and reducing workplace rights violations within the public transportation sector. The five steps of HRDD include: human rights impact assessment, integration of assessment outcomes with corporate processes, publication of policy commitments, establishment of internal remedial mechanisms, tracking of response measures and external communication. This paper examines the HRDD legislation in both France and Germany, applying the five-step HRDD framework to address human rights concerns among Macau's bus drivers.

Keywords:

Human Rights Due Diligence Law, Macau Bus Drivers, Labor Rights Protection, Emotional Exhaustion.

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References

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[5]. Chen, C.F. and Hsu, Y.C. (2020). Taking a closer look at bus driver emotional exhaustion and well-being: Evidence from taiwanese urban bus drivers. Safety and Health at Work, 11(3), 353-360.

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[8]. Exmoo. (2023, August 31). Two buses: Ensure that the bus driver has sufficient rest time. Retrieved from https: //www.exmoo.com/article/225116.html

[9]. Zhang, Z., Yang, J., He, H., Huang, C. and Lin, Z. (2021). Analysis of results of an annual health checkup of male drivers from a bus company in Macau. Clinical Research, 23(2), 6-40.

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References

[2]. Li, Z. and Xiang, Y. (2024). Domestic mandatory human rights due diligence laws as global business and human rights regulation. American University International Law Review, 40(2), 319-415.

[5]. Chen, C.F. and Hsu, Y.C. (2020). Taking a closer look at bus driver emotional exhaustion and well-being: Evidence from taiwanese urban bus drivers. Safety and Health at Work, 11(3), 353-360.

[7]. Vijayakumar, G. and Rajagopal, S. (2024). Addressing workplace bullying: Protecting human rights in the modern workplace. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(2), e04994.

[8]. Exmoo. (2023, August 31). Two buses: Ensure that the bus driver has sufficient rest time. Retrieved from https: //www.exmoo.com/article/225116.html

[9]. Zhang, Z., Yang, J., He, H., Huang, C. and Lin, Z. (2021). Analysis of results of an annual health checkup of male drivers from a bus company in Macau. Clinical Research, 23(2), 6-40.

Cite this article

Zhong,Z. (2025). Using HRDD Laws to Address Human Rights Issues among Macau Bus Drivers At Work. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,107,21-26.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Volume title: Proceedings of ICILLP 2025 Symposium: Property Law and Blockchain Applications in International Law and Legal Policy

ISBN: 978-1-80590-273-7(Print) / 978-1-80590-274-4(Online)

Editor: Renuka Thakore

Conference website: https://2025.icillp.org/London.html

Conference date: 21 November 2025

Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media

Volume number: Vol.107

ISSN: 2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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