Impact of the Synergistic Optimization of V2G Technology and Renewable Energy on the Power Grid
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Impact of the Synergistic Optimization of V2G Technology and Renewable Energy on the Power Grid

Rui Li 1*
1 University of Ulsan
*Corresponding author: lirui565659@outlook.com
Published on 20 August 2025
Journal Cover
ACE Vol.180
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-80590-311-6
ISBN (Online): 978-1-80590-312-3
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Abstract

As the proportion of Renewable Energy (RE) in the power system continues to increase and the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) also grows year by year, the coordinated optimization of the two has become the key to enhancing the flexibility and stability of the power grid.Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, by enabling bidirectional energy exchange between electric vehicles and the power grid, provides an effective regulatory means to address the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy generation and is reshaping the operation mode of the power system.This article introduces the basic principles of V2G technology, the definition and types of RE, analyzes the existing collaborative mechanisms from three aspects: technology, market, policy and standard support, elaborates on the benefits that can be generated through the collaboration of the two, and discusses the challenges currently faced by the collaboration of V2G and RE in terms of user acceptance and battery life. Finally, the prospects for technological reform were made and the future research directions were pointed out.

Keywords:

V2G technology, Renewable energy, Microgrid scenarios, Virtual power plant aggregation, Demand response mechani

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Li,R. (2025). Impact of the Synergistic Optimization of V2G Technology and Renewable Energy on the Power Grid. Applied and Computational Engineering,180,1-8.

References

[1]. Fang C，Zhang H，Cheng H，et al. Framework planning of distribution network containing distributed generation considering active management [J]. Power System Technology，2014，38(4): 823-829.

[2]. IIic P D.Vehicle to Grid Technology: supporting renewable energy source [J].Proceeding of ISES World Congress 2007(Vol.I-VoI.V), 2012, 33(17): 2291-2292.

[3]. Yang Xiaodong, Zhang Youbing, Jiang Yangchang, et al. Interactive Response Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Considering Distributed Power Consumption under Microgrid [J] Transactions of the China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(02): 390-400

[4]. Wei Zhinong, Yu Shuang, Sun Guoqiang, et al. The Concept and Development of Virtual Power Plant [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013, 37 (13) : 1-9.

[5]. Sauer D U, Kleimaier M, Glaunsinger W.Relevance of energy storage in future distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy sources [C].2009 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution -Part1, Prague, Czech Republic, 2009: 1-4.

[6]. Su Su, Li Jiahao, Li Zening, et al. Electric Vehicle Virtual Synchronous Machine Auxiliary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy Considering User Requirements [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2021, 41(11): 40-47.

[7]. M-Naina P., K. S-Swarup. Double-Consensus-Based Distributed Energy Management in a Virtual Power Plant [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, 58(6): 7047-7056.

[8]. Kempton W, Tomic J. Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: calculating capacity and net revenue [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 144(1): 268-279.

[9]. Chen Wenzhi, Song Huiqi, Niu Zhiyan, et al. Application of Blockchain in Safety Certification of Electric Vehicle Charging Piles [J]. Mass Standardization, 2024, (22): 193-195.

[10]. Zhang Jianhong, Zhao Xingyong, Wang Xiuli. Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization Guidance Strategy Considering Reward Mechanism [J]. Power Grid and Clean Energy, 2024, 40(01): 102-108.

[11]. WANG Qunfei, LU Xiaoli, YANG Dongjunming. Fault diagnosis of DC-DC module of V2G charging pile based on fuzzy neural network [J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 772(1).

[12]. Shi R, Li S, Zhang P, et al.Integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicle in V2G network with adjustable robust optimization [J].Renewable Energy, 2020, 153: 1067-1080.

[13]. Gao Jinrui, Zhang Zhijun, Dou Chunxia. Double-layer Economic Dispatching Strategy for Electric Vehicles Connected to Virtual Power Plants Based on Information Gap Decision Theory and Dynamic Time-of-use Electricity Price [J] Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (10) : 77-85.

[14]. ZERAATI M, GOLSHAN M E H, GUERRERO J M. Voltage Quality Improvement in Low Voltage Distribution Networks Using Reactive Power Capability of Single-Phase PV Inverters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(5): 5057–5065. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2874381.

[15]. MA L, XU G. Distributed Resilient Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Islanded Microgrids under False Data Injection Attacks [J]. Energies, 2020, 13(15): 3828. DOI: 10.3390/en13153828.

[16]. Chunming Zhu, Gang Bao, Yikai Liu. Low-carbon economic analysis of a virtual power plant with wind and solar power considering the integrated flexible operation mode of a carbon capture thermoelectric unit [J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2023, 130(130): 104011

References

[1]. Fang C，Zhang H，Cheng H，et al. Framework planning of distribution network containing distributed generation considering active management [J]. Power System Technology，2014，38(4): 823-829.

[2]. IIic P D.Vehicle to Grid Technology: supporting renewable energy source [J].Proceeding of ISES World Congress 2007(Vol.I-VoI.V), 2012, 33(17): 2291-2292.

[3]. Yang Xiaodong, Zhang Youbing, Jiang Yangchang, et al. Interactive Response Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Considering Distributed Power Consumption under Microgrid [J] Transactions of the China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(02): 390-400

[4]. Wei Zhinong, Yu Shuang, Sun Guoqiang, et al. The Concept and Development of Virtual Power Plant [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013, 37 (13) : 1-9.

[5]. Sauer D U, Kleimaier M, Glaunsinger W.Relevance of energy storage in future distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy sources [C].2009 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution -Part1, Prague, Czech Republic, 2009: 1-4.

[6]. Su Su, Li Jiahao, Li Zening, et al. Electric Vehicle Virtual Synchronous Machine Auxiliary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy Considering User Requirements [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2021, 41(11): 40-47.

[7]. M-Naina P., K. S-Swarup. Double-Consensus-Based Distributed Energy Management in a Virtual Power Plant [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, 58(6): 7047-7056.

[8]. Kempton W, Tomic J. Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: calculating capacity and net revenue [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 144(1): 268-279.

[9]. Chen Wenzhi, Song Huiqi, Niu Zhiyan, et al. Application of Blockchain in Safety Certification of Electric Vehicle Charging Piles [J]. Mass Standardization, 2024, (22): 193-195.

[10]. Zhang Jianhong, Zhao Xingyong, Wang Xiuli. Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization Guidance Strategy Considering Reward Mechanism [J]. Power Grid and Clean Energy, 2024, 40(01): 102-108.

[11]. WANG Qunfei, LU Xiaoli, YANG Dongjunming. Fault diagnosis of DC-DC module of V2G charging pile based on fuzzy neural network [J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 772(1).

[12]. Shi R, Li S, Zhang P, et al.Integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicle in V2G network with adjustable robust optimization [J].Renewable Energy, 2020, 153: 1067-1080.

[13]. Gao Jinrui, Zhang Zhijun, Dou Chunxia. Double-layer Economic Dispatching Strategy for Electric Vehicles Connected to Virtual Power Plants Based on Information Gap Decision Theory and Dynamic Time-of-use Electricity Price [J] Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (10) : 77-85.

[14]. ZERAATI M, GOLSHAN M E H, GUERRERO J M. Voltage Quality Improvement in Low Voltage Distribution Networks Using Reactive Power Capability of Single-Phase PV Inverters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(5): 5057–5065. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2874381.

[15]. MA L, XU G. Distributed Resilient Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Islanded Microgrids under False Data Injection Attacks [J]. Energies, 2020, 13(15): 3828. DOI: 10.3390/en13153828.

[16]. Chunming Zhu, Gang Bao, Yikai Liu. Low-carbon economic analysis of a virtual power plant with wind and solar power considering the integrated flexible operation mode of a carbon capture thermoelectric unit [J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2023, 130(130): 104011

Cite this article

Li,R. (2025). Impact of the Synergistic Optimization of V2G Technology and Renewable Energy on the Power Grid. Applied and Computational Engineering,180,1-8.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of CONF-MCEE 2026 Symposium: Advances in Sustainable Aviation and Aerospace Vehicle Automation

ISBN: 978-1-80590-311-6(Print) / 978-1-80590-312-3(Online)
Editor:
Conference website: https://2025.confmcee.org/kayseri.html
Conference date: 14 November 2025
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.180
ISSN: 2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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