References
[1]. Population and Employment Statistics Department of the National Bureau of Statistics.(2024). China Population and Employment Statistical Yearbook 2024.China Statistics Press.
[2]. Zhang, L. (2025). [Educational attainment, transformation of marriage and fertility concepts, and fertility intentions: An analysis based on family cultural change and self-attention]. Population and Economics, (03), 1–14. (in Chinese).
[3]. Yang, Y., & Jiang, J. (2023). [Gender discipline, fertility, and the gender income gap]. Industrial Economics Review, 14(02), 147–160. (in Chinese).
[4]. Jia, H., & Nong, J. (2025). [The mechanism of social mobility on fertility intentions: The mediating role of consumption upgrading]. Journal of Management, 38(01), 48–62. (in Chinese).
[5]. Ge, W. (2024). [Comparative advantage, female labor participation, and household fertility behavior: Evidence from China Household Finance Survey]. Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, 40(06), 63–80. (in Chinese).
[6]. Gao, Y. (2024). [China’s fiscal and tax policies and fertility intentions among childbearing-age population] (Doctoral dissertation). East China Normal University. (in Chinese).
[7]. Li, R., Liu, Y., Wang, W., et al. (2020). [Urban land finance expansion in China and its impact on economic efficiency]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 75(10), 2126–2145. (in Chinese).
[8]. Wang, M., & Wang, S. (2024). [Educational pressure, housing burden, and fertility intentions: The crowding-out effect of happiness and social class]. South China Population, 39(03), 14–26. (in Chinese).
[9]. Peng, H., & Cheng, B. (2021). [Fertility incentives and personal income tax: Theoretical logic and empirical evidence]. Population and Economics, (02), 1–12. (in Chinese).
[10]. Zhu, L., Huang, B., Liu, C., & Peng, G. (2024). [Subjective well-being and fertility intentions: Evidence from CGSS]. Population Research, 48(01), 118–132. (in Chinese).
[11]. Xie, X., Fu, K., & Zou, W. (2023). [Educational aspirations, inequality of opportunity, and fertility intentions]. Southern Economy, (05), 48–63. (in Chinese).
[12]. Wang, X., & Shi, Z. (2022). [From income to assets: Wealth inequality and fertility intentions]. Economic Review, (01), 114–126. (in Chinese).
[13]. Yu, J., Zhou, Y., & Xie, Y. (2021). [Macroeconomic determinants of Chinese residents’ ideal number of children]. Population Research, 45(06), 45–61. (in Chinese).
[14]. Wang, C., & Luo, C. (2022). [Income distribution adjustment, social security improvement, and fertility rebound: EU experience and implications]. Western Forum, 32(02), 78–93. (in Chinese).
[15]. Cai, F. (2024). [Fertility intentions, mobility, and the welfare state]. Economic Perspectives, (03), 3–12. (in Chinese).
[16]. Müller, M. W., Hamory, J., Johnson-Hanks, J., & Miguel, E. (2022). The illusion of stable fertility preferences. Population Studies, 76(2), 169–189.