Research Progress of Nanomaterials in Batter Thermal Management System
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Research Progress of Nanomaterials in Batter Thermal Management System

Qunchao Lin 1*
1 University of Manchester
*Corresponding author: qunchao.lin@student.manchester.ac.uk
Published on 14 October 2025
Journal Cover
ACE Vol.192
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 纸质出版ISBN 978-1-80590-397-0
ISBN (Online): 978-1-80590-398-7
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Abstract

With social development, the process of electrification has accelerated accordingly. However, performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries caused by heat generation remains a major problem that needs to be overcome at present. Because lithium batteries perform best at room temperature on battery thermal-management systems, especially upgrades to interfacial thermal-conductive materials, concerns the battery’s efficiency, lifespan, and even safety. This paper reviews heat-generation mechanisms and sorts out three categories of nano-upgraded interfacial thermal-conductive materials: metal-based, phase-change, and fluid-based. The literature indicates that using metal nanowires with special alignment within polymers can enhance interfacial thermal-conductive performance by roughly 100 times. Adding about 1% weight fraction graphene to the matrix can improve the efficiency of the heat-transfer network, while the sensible heat is slightly reduced at the same time. Adding magnetic Fe₃O₄ or CuO to a fluid to construct modules of alternating-magnetic-field nanofluids, forming dynamic heat-conduction chains, can significantly reduce battery-module temperatures. This paper focuses on a comprehensive analysis of four aspects of the experimental materials: thermal-conductivity efficiency, heat-buffering capacity, practicality, and manufacturability. It provides material-level design guidelines for battery cooling systems that are safer, longer-lived, and supportive of faster charging.

Keywords:

nanomaterial, battery performance, thermal management system.

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Lin,Q. (2025). Research Progress of Nanomaterials in Batter Thermal Management System. Applied and Computational Engineering,192,16-23.

References

[1]. IEA. (2025). Trends in Electric Car Markets – Global EV Outlook 2025. IEA. Retrieved from https: //www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025/trends-in-electric-car-markets-2

[2]. Rasool, G., Wang, X., Sun, T., Hayat, T., Sheremet, M., Uddin, A., Shahzad, H., Abbas, K., Razzaq, I., & Wang, Y. (2024). Recent advancements in battery thermal management system (BTMS): A review of performance enhancement techniques with an emphasis on nano-enhanced phase change materials. Heliyon, 10(17), e36950. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36950

[3]. Fu, P., Zhao, L., Wang, X., Sun, J., & Xin, Z. (2023). A review of cooling technologies in lithium-ion power battery thermal management systems for new energy vehicles. Processes, 11(12), 3450. https: //doi.org/10.3390/pr11123450

[4]. Sökmen, K. F., & Çavuş, M. (2017). Review of Batteries Thermal Problems and Thermal Management Systems. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering, 1(1), 35–55. https: / doi.org/publication/374783667

[5]. Yu, M., Meng, S., Wei, R., Tang, T., Hu, Y., Xu, J., Hu, D., & Ding, J. (2025). Continuous characterization of reversible and irreversible heat of lithium-ion batteries using online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential isothermal calorimetry. Measurement, 253, 117548. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117548

[6]. Hwang, J., Tak, W.-S., Mun, S. Y., Nam, S., Moon, S. Y., & Kim, W. S. (2020). Graphene Encapsulated Al Particles for Improvement of Thermal Conductivity in Composites. Materials, 13(16), 3602. https: //doi.org/10.3390/ma13163602

[7]. Fitzgerald, M. L., Pan, Z., Sauti, G., & Li, D. (2025). Thermal Conductivity of Silver Nanowire–Polymer Composites Prepared via Layered Assembly. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 7(3), 1394–1400. https: //doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03095

[8]. Xu, X., Chen, J., Zhou, J., & Li, B. (2018). Thermal Conductivity of Polymers and Their Nanocomposites. Advanced Materials, 30(17), e1705544. https: //doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705544

[9]. Cai, S., et al. (2023). Recent Advances in Phase Change Materials-Based Battery Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 72, 108750. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108750

[10]. Burger, N., Laachachi, A., Ferriol, M., Lutz, M., Toniazzo, V. and Ruch, D. (2016) Review of Thermal Conductivity in Composites: Mechanisms, Parameters and Theory. Progress in Polymer Science, 61, 1–28. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.05.001

[11]. Gasmelseed, A., Ismael, M. A., Said, M. A., Ahmad, F., & Osman, S. (2024). Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review of Nanofluid-Based Battery Thermal Management Systems. Results in Engineering, 24, 103339. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103339

References

[1]. IEA. (2025). Trends in Electric Car Markets – Global EV Outlook 2025. IEA. Retrieved from https: //www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025/trends-in-electric-car-markets-2

[2]. Rasool, G., Wang, X., Sun, T., Hayat, T., Sheremet, M., Uddin, A., Shahzad, H., Abbas, K., Razzaq, I., & Wang, Y. (2024). Recent advancements in battery thermal management system (BTMS): A review of performance enhancement techniques with an emphasis on nano-enhanced phase change materials. Heliyon, 10(17), e36950. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36950

[3]. Fu, P., Zhao, L., Wang, X., Sun, J., & Xin, Z. (2023). A review of cooling technologies in lithium-ion power battery thermal management systems for new energy vehicles. Processes, 11(12), 3450. https: //doi.org/10.3390/pr11123450

[4]. Sökmen, K. F., & Çavuş, M. (2017). Review of Batteries Thermal Problems and Thermal Management Systems. Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering, 1(1), 35–55. https: / doi.org/publication/374783667

[5]. Yu, M., Meng, S., Wei, R., Tang, T., Hu, Y., Xu, J., Hu, D., & Ding, J. (2025). Continuous characterization of reversible and irreversible heat of lithium-ion batteries using online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential isothermal calorimetry. Measurement, 253, 117548. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117548

[6]. Hwang, J., Tak, W.-S., Mun, S. Y., Nam, S., Moon, S. Y., & Kim, W. S. (2020). Graphene Encapsulated Al Particles for Improvement of Thermal Conductivity in Composites. Materials, 13(16), 3602. https: //doi.org/10.3390/ma13163602

[7]. Fitzgerald, M. L., Pan, Z., Sauti, G., & Li, D. (2025). Thermal Conductivity of Silver Nanowire–Polymer Composites Prepared via Layered Assembly. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 7(3), 1394–1400. https: //doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03095

[8]. Xu, X., Chen, J., Zhou, J., & Li, B. (2018). Thermal Conductivity of Polymers and Their Nanocomposites. Advanced Materials, 30(17), e1705544. https: //doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705544

[9]. Cai, S., et al. (2023). Recent Advances in Phase Change Materials-Based Battery Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 72, 108750. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108750

[10]. Burger, N., Laachachi, A., Ferriol, M., Lutz, M., Toniazzo, V. and Ruch, D. (2016) Review of Thermal Conductivity in Composites: Mechanisms, Parameters and Theory. Progress in Polymer Science, 61, 1–28. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.05.001

[11]. Gasmelseed, A., Ismael, M. A., Said, M. A., Ahmad, F., & Osman, S. (2024). Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review of Nanofluid-Based Battery Thermal Management Systems. Results in Engineering, 24, 103339. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103339

Cite this article

Lin,Q. (2025). Research Progress of Nanomaterials in Batter Thermal Management System. Applied and Computational Engineering,192,16-23.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of CONF-MCEE 2026 Symposium: Advances in Sustainable Aviation and Aerospace Vehicle Automation

ISBN: 纸质出版ISBN 978-1-80590-397-0(Print) / 978-1-80590-398-7(Online)
Editor: Ömer Burak İSTANBULLU
Conference website: https://2025.confmcee.org/kayseri.html
Conference date: 14 November 2025
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.192
ISSN: 2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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